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The theory of evolution by natural selection.No, as however life came about the fact that it evolves is observed and observable and natural selection would still be one of the main drivers of evolution and the only driver of adaptive change.
Indeterminable. There is, however, only one theoryof evolution.
Mutations are the material upon which natural selection acts. Evolution is a two sided coin. One side is mutation; the other side is natural selection. Without mutation there is no significant variation. Mutations are, however, ubiquitous. Every organism is a mutant. Evolution can be summarized as the non random survival of randomly varying replicators.
The only known instance of evolution occurring is here, on Earth. Logic dictates, however, that evolution occurs wherever there is life.
Evolution. Darwin used the term "descent with modification"-- not "evolution"-- however, later people began to use the term "evolution."
Science is able to explain everything. However that does not mean that they are right. Some scientists feel that man is smart enough to figure everything out so they try. These are called theories. Ideas that haven't been or necessarily can be proven. They have theorized evolution but they have never been able to prove it.
Salamence doesn't have any first evolutions however the first pre-evolution of Salamence is Bagon.
Some viruses are very advanced in their evolution, compared to what they started as. However, in absolute terms and compared to most other biological entities, viruses are barely evolved at all; they are in fact not considered life at all, and are probably remnanats of the earliest complicated organic forms.
Aerodactyl doesn't have a traditional evolution. It does, however, have a Mega Evolution, which you can evolve it to by having it hold the Aerodactylite and selecting "Mega Evolution" during a battle.
Structures which are apparently different and performing different functions but their basic structure is similar are called homologous structures and indicate common ancestry eg. fore limbs of bat , whale , horse dog and man apparently different but are made up of humerus , radius , ulna , carpel , metacarpals and phalanges .
Natural selection with modification of traits. He could explain natural selection, however he had no explanation for modification of the traits from generation to generation (this had to wait for Gregor Mendel's theory of genetics, and the later discovery of nucleic acids and Watson and Crick's study of DNA to explain the storage of genetic information chemically).
No, Giratina doesn't evolve and as a Legendary, Nintendo probably won't ever create an evolution of him. He does have an alternate form, however.