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Epithelium of vagina: The epithelial cells of the mucosa layer secrete glycogen, which is anaerobically metatolized to lactic acid by resident bacteria. This causes the pH of the vagina to rise making it relatively acidic. This acidity helps keep the vagina healthy and free of infection.

Cervical Glands of Uterus: The cervical glands of the uterus secrete mucus that fills the cervical canal and covers the ecternal os (mouth) to block the spread of bacteria.

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Q: Both the epithelium of the vagina and the cervical glands of the uterus help prevent the invasion and spread of vaginal pathogens Explain how each of these mechanisms works?
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