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A Bridge operates at

1. Physical layer:

(a) divides large LAN into segments

(b) connects 2 LANs that use same protocol. e.g. if the protocol

is Ethernet then it can connect Fast Ethernet with Gigabit Ethernet.

2. Data link layer:

(a) PDU of this layer is called frame.

(b) Bridge can understand only the MAC addresses, so it forwards the

frames according to their MAC addresses (unique address of NIC) to

the next segment (same protocol)

A bridge does not operate at net layer so it can't understand IP addresses & therefore cant recognize protocols. Thus it can't connect 2 LANs with different protocols. e.g. it can't connect Ethernet with Token Ring or FDDI.

A bridge uses an interface address table to know which computers are connected to which segments. Entries in this table are SOURCE from which the bridge has received the frame & the PORT (MAC) address. By doing this it can know which computer is connected to which port

Working:

When a Bridge receives a frame, it checks the destination address of the frame. If the destination is present in the interface address table, it forwards the frame.

If the destination is not present in the table, the bridge broadcast the frame on the all outgoing ports (except the port from which it arrived). This is called flooding.

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Q: Bridges in networking
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