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By 1848, Austria exerted control over most of the Italian states, with only the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont retaining a degree of independence. This dominance was a result of Austria's military power and political influence in the region. The year 1848 marked a wave of revolutions across Europe, leading to uprisings in various Italian states as nationalists sought to challenge Austrian rule and unify Italy. Despite the fervor for independence, these uprisings faced significant challenges and ultimately did not achieve immediate success.
King Charles Albert sought to unify the Italian states in 1848. He went to war with Austria, but was unable to defeat them at the Battle of Custosa. As a result, the revolution ended, and he was forced to sign a truce with Austria.
Peoples of France, the German states, the Austrian Empire, the Italian states, Denmark, Wallachia, Poland, among others all revolted.
Republics
In 1848 there were revolutions or attempted revolutions in many European countries, and in particular in: * France * The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies * Many other Italian states * Prussia and many of the German states * Austria, the Czech Lands, Croatia * Hungary
to end Hapsburg domination and set up constitutional governments
German. It was always Germain, even back to the 5th of 6th century.
Italian Senate was created in 1848.
King Charles Albert (1798-1849) was King of Sardinia when Sardinia (which held lands south of Switzerland in mainland Europe) attacked Austria in the First War of Italian Independence (1848).
The goal of revolutionaries in the Italian states in 1848 was to unify Italy into a single independent and constitutional state, free from foreign rule and influence. They sought to establish a democratic government that would guarantee civil rights, individual freedoms, and political representation for all Italians.
After the defeat suffered in the Second War for Italian independence, the Austrian Empire relinquished to the Lombardy in favour of the Reign of Sardinia, through the mediation of Napoleon III.
Archduchess Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este died on 1848-06-23.