Functions don't simply stop running unless an unhandled exception occurs, in which case the program will crash. It's possible the program is simply trapped inside an infinite loop. However, without knowing what the if statement does it's hard to give any specific advice. Use your debugger to step through the function to see what is really going on.
...a function call.
The switch / case statement.
It is the first function that gets called when the program is executed.
I believe, you can use C-function - printf().
If you mean: y = 15+3x then it is the function of a straight line equation.
It is an equation in two variables, c and g.
If statement is single selection statement,whereas the switch statement is multiple selective.
The goto statement.
Nothing stops a member function from changing any of the values in a class. By convention, an accessor function is used to give read only access to class data, but that does not mean that it is prohibited from doing so. It is a member function, after all, and it has all the rights of any member function of the class.
Assuming you mean a code block, a group of simple statements enclosed in braces {} is regarded as a code block. In other words, a compound statement. Braces are not required around simple statements except when the statement is the body of a function (where braces are mandatory).
Curly braces are used to mark the start and end of a statement, typically used when the statement body consists of two or more individual statements. However they are also used to mark the start and end of a class declaration and function bodies.
It is a statement. It is a false statement, but a statement nevertheless.