You'll need to use a doubly-linked circular list, since otherwise when you pop off the tail element you'll need to whizz all the way round the list to find its predecessor.
See the links section for an implementation of a doubly-linked circular list.
Explain The merits of using a deque to implement a stack in data structure
To efficiently implement a circular array in Python, you can use the collections.deque data structure. Deque allows for efficient insertion and deletion at both ends of the array, making it suitable for circular arrays. You can use the rotate() method to shift elements in the array, effectively creating a circular structure.
#include<deque> std::deque<int> deq; deq.push_back (42); deq.pop_back (); deq.push_front (0); deq.pop_front ();
The C++ STL (Standard Template Library) provides a std::deque template specifically for this purpose: std::deque<int> deq {}; // default construct an empty deque of type int deq.push_back (42); // deq = {42} deq.push_front (0); // deq = {0, 42} deq.push_back (100); // deq = {0, 42, 100} deq.pop_front (); // deq = {42, 100} deq.pop_back (); // deq = {42} As with all other STL containers, any type or class that can be copy or move constructed can be placed in a std::deque, including other STL containers (even std::deque itself).
Queue is a data structure which is based on FIFO that is first in first out. Following are the types of queue: Linear queue Circular queue Priority queue Double ended queue ( or deque )
A circular queue is a linear data structure that connects the last position back to the first position, allowing for efficient use of space by reusing empty slots as elements are dequeued. In contrast, a double-ended queue (deque) allows insertion and deletion of elements from both ends—front and rear—providing more flexibility in how elements are managed. While a circular queue has a fixed size and operates in a FIFO (First In, First Out) manner, a deque can grow in both directions and supports both FIFO and LIFO (Last In, First Out) operations.
deque
The time complexity of deque operations in data structures is O(1), which means they have constant time complexity.
please read data structure (schaum series) books
Danny Demanto's birth name is Daniel C. DeQue.
A double ended queue (or deque ) is a queue where insertion and deletion can be performed at both end that is front pointer can be used for insertion (apart from its usual operation i.e. deletion) and rear pointer can be used for deletion (apart from its usual operation i.e. insertion)
A double ended queue (or deque ) is a queue where insertion and deletion can be performed at both end that is front pointer can be used for insertion (apart from its usual operation i.e. deletion) and rear pointer can be used for deletion (apart from its usual operation i.e. insertion). So when we need to insert or delete at both end we need deque.