No, you cant. You have to renew the passport.
Yes. As long as the passport is still valid.
It is not possible to travel to Israel on a passport that is less than 6 months left on their passport as a passport is not a form of transport. You would be much better using an aeroplane or train if possble.
As long as the passport is valid he or she can enter the US from whatever country they are returning from. Yes.
If you are a Philippine Passport holder then Yes, you can travel with less that 5 months in it since you are a Filipino citizen by law. But if you are a foreign passport holder you must have atleast 6 months of validity in it.
Passports are needed for most citizens to enter countries around the world. Irish nationals who are visiting Jamaica do not need a visa, but do need a passport to enter the country. Grand Cayman requires a passport and a visa if the trip is going to be beyond 10 days and its for business or 60 if you are on vacation. Mexico requires a passport and no visa if the visit is less then 180 days. Haiti requires a passport but no visa if trip is less then three months.
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Although your passport is still valid during the entire trip, you need to check with Spanish immigration as many countries will not allow you to enter if you have less than six months validity on your passport.
Yes, it is good until it expires.
less than 6 months
It depends on your nationality.
yes
It depends on your nationality. Switzerland is part of the Schengen Area. If you have an EU or Schengen area passport, there is no minimum validity. You can even travel to Switzerland on your national identity card, if you are from a country that issues them. If you are from a non-Schengen/EU country you need a validity of at least 3 months on your passport, and if you need a visa then you also need 2 blank pages on your passport.