There are programs you can download that will read Linux file systems. Common file systems are ext2 and ext3.
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ext2, ext3, ReiserFS, are some native file systems
Linux systems have access to a wide range of filesystems, however most Linux distributions default to ext3 or ext4. In the future it is our hope that the "standard" Linux filesystem will be btrfs.Linux supports many different file systems, including ext, ext3, ext4, ReiserFS, Reiser4, JFS, btrfs, and XFS.
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Windows uses 4 file systems: FAT, NTFS, exFAT, and ReFS. "Linux" supports dozens of file systems, there are too many to mention. The differences between them are massive and specific to the file system in question. For a proper answer you need to read http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system . It is incorrect to say "the Linux file system is faster than Windows" because it's dependent on the data, and of course because there is no "Linux file system." It's incorrect to say "The Linux filesystem is more/less secure than the Windows file system" for the same reason. Drive encryption is available in both Windows and Linux. To the average user, there is no functional difference.
The Linux VFS (Virtual File System) may be thought of as a sort of interface between the Linux kernel and the mounted file systems. There can be many different file system types mounted simultaneously and VFS allows the Linux kernel to see and address them all in a similar way. This provides Linux with a great deal of flexibility. [JMH]
boot the system you need the file to be in, and navigate to the other systems folders.
Modules are pieces of binary data that can be loaded into the Linux kernel at run time. These are typically drivers for devices or file systems.
Not all Linux partitions are ext3. It just happens to be the most popular file system. ext3 was created especially for Linux, so it is free from any patent issues involved with some other file systems.
Most file systems are treated almost exactly like drivers or kernel modules. Some can also be implemented in userspace (ex. FUSE).
The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) defines the main directories and their contents in Linux operating systems