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Yes, it is possible to sue a minor in civil court, but the process can be more complex than suing an adult. The minor may require a legal guardian or parent to represent them in court.
You can sue the parents (or if you are minor your parents could sue the minor's parents.) However, depending on the circumstances and if there is absolute proof it will be up to the courts as to whether the person suing will win and get a settlement.
You have to sue your parents in court to gain emancipation.
Was the minor driving the vehicle? How did he/she get a hold of the vehicle's keys? If this is the case, yes, you can, it is called "contributory negligence". In all actuality, you can sue anybody in the US. However, in your case, you sue the minor, but the minor's parents/insurance co will be held accountable for all damages.
You can sue the bullies parents, not the child. If the damage to you 12 yr old is significant you can press criminal charges, but if you are looking for compensation, then civil court would be the place for you to go.
You can sue for almost anything. However to do so in such a case would be far more infantile than the incident that caused it.
Yes.
yes
Only if it was due to their negligence. If it can be proven that they were looking after his best interests (i.e. no negligence was involved), then no. And it would probably have to be a specific doctor that you sue, not the hospital.
I think so. Both are minors so there isn't an age problem. The only people you would probably have to deal with would be your parents and the 16-year-old's parents. His parents could sue you if he was forced through your window reluctantly. I would avoid doing so for your own sake, but yes, it's most likely legal. (Avoid breaking any of his bones. Your parents will have to pay a hospital bill if anything. His parents might sue you for that.)
Yes, it is possible to sue someone under 16, but the process may be more complicated as minors are considered legally incompetent and their parents or legal guardians may need to be involved in the proceedings. The court may also appoint a guardian ad litem to represent the minor's interests.
Laws regarding alienation of affection vary by state, but typically they apply to spouses in a marriage. Parents of a 20-year-old would likely not have grounds to sue for alienation of affection concerning their child, as it typically applies to marital relationships.