Yes it can be transformed from one voltage to the other.
Not unless it is rated for that voltage. You can likely find a step down transformer from 277 volt sto 120 volts.
No, it requires a 180 Volt supply. Most appliances work +/- 10%, in this case 162 Volts to 198 Volts. I would question whether your appliance is really 180 Volt. No country uses this as domestic supply, it is usually 110V or 220-240V.
The voltage of 277 is the wye connection of a 480 volt three phase supply. The only way to reduce 277 to 120 volts is with a step down transformer.
No, it is not possible to use 240 volts with a 120 volt supply directly. You would need a transformer to step up the voltage from 120 volts to 240 volts. Attempting to use 240 volts with a 120 volt supply without a transformer can damage equipment and pose a safety hazard.
Yes, in fact that is what a rough service bulb is rated at. The bulb used on a 120 volt system will have a reduced wattage output as to what it would be on 130 volts.
If there is nothing else in the circuit, then the voltage drop across the resistor will be the full supply voltage of 5 volts. The size of the resistor does not matter in this case - it will always be 5 volts.
No, a 400 volt heater element cannot be safely operated on a 230 volt supply. To avoid damaging the element and potential safety hazards, it is important to match the voltage rating of the heater element with the supply voltage.
If the power supply has a 5 volt tap on the secondary side of the transformer, yes. If there is no tap and the secondary side of the power supply is only 10 volts then no, you can not substitute the higher voltage unit.
no no no no no no no no no no no
No 380 volts is too wide a spread to use a 220 volt motor on.
Normal car engines will run off a 12 volt supply.
A volt is a volt is a volt.