Yes, you can shoot 38 specials through a .357 magnum revolver.
Yes,a model 27 N frame revolver can handle +p ammo.I would advise you though that steady use of +p ammo will hasten the revolver becoming loose over time.Much quicker than if you used standard .357 Magnum loads.
A .357 Magnum revolver can, as it uses cylinders and does not require headspacing between a cartridge and a chamber. Semi automatic, lever action, etc. .357 Magnum firearms which use a headspaced chamber cannot, however.
NO
38 caliber revolver ammo
No
No. You can fire .38 Special (and .38 Special +P) in any .357 Magnum firearm, not .38 Auto. Do not attempt the reverse (firing .357 Magnum in a .38 Special firearm); the results will be disastrous. The .38 Auto does not have a rim large enough to hold it in a revolver's chamber, and the bullet is most likely not the correct diameter.
No, and you shouldn't even use. 38 Special ammo in it, either. If it was made in the 1800s, it was probably chambered in .38 Long Colt, and that is the only ammo which is compatible with that revolver.
DO NOT ATTEMPT THIS!! Never fire ammuntion in a weapon that it is not chambered for.
In a revolver, you could get away with it. In a semi, no way. I wouldn't do it.
Any weapon chambered for it.
No - they are very different cartridges.