Yes.
Generally yes. A current tenant who wants to stay is normally going to have priority over a potential new tenant. But it is still the landlord's call: perhaps he doesn't want that tenant any more.
I do not believe that Tennant smokes, however I did see a movie once were he was smoking pot and I just remember laughing because it was very obvious he'd done that before! LOL
In chapter 5 for The Grapes Of Wrath, the owners of the land suggest the tenant farmers to move to California.
30 days
Probably nothing. No one can force a landlord to accept a tenant.
I'm no lawyer but... A non-tenant is likely considered a guest of the tenant. If they are not welcome, they are a trespasser. The landlord should let the tenant have peaceful enjoyment of the premises. The tenant should be able to call the police and have the non-tenant removed.
Its depends what company you use. Usually is like $45.00 for a full service one. I go to Sentry Investigations Inc. they do nationwide tenant screening. They only Charge $35/applicant and $20 per other occupant. There service is Great and Affordable.
If the landlord has such an agreement between a tenant and his subleaser, then the subleaser is no longer a subleasor, and becomes a co-tenant, who would have the same rights as the original tenant. Most landlords don't like subleasers because they are not bound by the same terms as the tenant. By the same token the subleaser is in a bad position because he doesn't have the same rights as a tenant, and can be kicked out at any time.
A good landlord will always do tenant background checks because they need to know if their possible tenant will be able to pay them and that they do not have any history of trashing apartments.
Follow the eviction procedures in your state
Not that I know of. There is a duty like this regarding the sale of a property because it can influence the value of the property. You are not buying it, however.
Yes. However, you should discuss your plan with an attorney and note that by making a transfer of your interest you will extinguish the survivorship aspect of your ownership. If the other tenant dies their interest will pass to their heirs and not to you as the surviving joint tenant.