Absolutely! Especially if a man refuses to grant his wife a Jewish divorce.
Expelling a Jew from the Jewish Community at large is called Kherem (חרם) or an Excommunication, just like in Christianity. Baruch Spinozza and Mordecai Kaplan were two Jews who were both put in Kherem.
In egregious cases of non-compliance, a Beth Din (Jewish court) can decree that someone is not to be dealt with, spoken to, approached, or counted for a minyan (for prayers).
The Pope excommunicated Galileo.
No, he was excommunicated from the Lutheran Church.
King John was excommunicated in England
People from observant Jewish communities would be under strong pressure to marry inside their own community (the same way most Hindu families expect their children to marry a Hindu of the same community). However, nothing "happens" if a Jew marries a non-Jew. (Not sure what you're implying. Lightning doesn't strike and they don't get beheaded.) The Jewish partner does not get excommunicated and can still be Jewish. If the couple want to raise their children as Jews, then they can do so if it's the mother who is Jewish. If the mother is not Jewish, then she may have to convert, or the child may have to convert, in order to be considered a Jew and be able to worship as a Jew. However, Reform Judaism accepts children of non-Jewish mothers as Jews if the father is Jewish.
forced out the church A+
No, Hitler was never excommunicated. He never committed a serious offense against the Church to warrant excommunication.
Henry was excommunicated on February 22, 1076.
This was done during the Great Schism in which the Eastern and Western Churches excommunicated each other.
A "Constructional Jew" is a Jew who's constructed to be a Jew.
Madonna has never been formally excommunicated. She is simply a lapsed Catholic who is not in good standing with the Catholic church.
I am not sure what your question is in reference to but the pope usually limits his powers of excommunication to heretics.
It depends on the way he turns his back on Judaism. A Jew who rejects Judaism religiously is usually called an apostate or meshumad (משומד). If his apostasy results in the creation of blasphemous Jewish material, the individual would be excommunicated, a process called kherem (חרם). A Jew who accepts Jesus is simply considered a Christian. Jews as a community do not recognize Messianic Judaism as anything but a form of Protestant Christianity. A Jew who rejects the Jewish community and publishes Anti-Semitic or Anti-Zionist material is usually termed a "self-hating Jew". A number of Jewish Anti-Zionists see the designation as a badge of honor, demonstrating their loyalty to the Anti-Zionist movement.