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Yes. How quickly depends on available material. In a nuclear reactor, neutrons bombard uranium atoms, destabilising the nucleus. The unstable nucleus splits into two smaller nuclei. Smaller nuclei contain proportionally less neutrons and the spare neutrons are ejected.

These are available for further bombardment, but usually require slowing down (moderating) before a good chance of a chain reaction occurs.

For a chain reaction there needs to be sufficient fissile material (the uranium) and sufficient thermal (quite slow) neutrons. A lack of these will lead to the chain reaction coming to a halt.

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