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An alpha error is another name in statistics for a type I error, rejecting the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true.
A beta error is another term for a type II error, an instance of accepting the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is false.
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Rejecting a true null hypothesis.
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In statistics: type 1 error is when you reject the null hypothesis but it is actually true. Type 2 is when you fail to reject the null hypothesis but it is actually false. Statistical DecisionTrue State of the Null HypothesisH0 TrueH0 FalseReject H0Type I errorCorrectDo not Reject H0CorrectType II error
In hypothesis testing, a Type I error occurs when a true null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected, while a Type II error occurs when a false null hypothesis is not rejected.
If a researcher fails to reject the null hypothesis when it is actually false, they have made a Type II error. This occurs when the researcher incorrectly concludes that there is not enough evidence to support an alternative hypothesis, despite it being true. In contrast, a Type I error happens when the null hypothesis is rejected when it is actually true.
Falling to reject (accepting) a false null hypothesis.
The critical ratio in statistics is a measure used to determine the significance of a test statistic in hypothesis testing. It is typically calculated as the ratio of the difference between the sample mean and the population mean to the standard error of the sample mean. A high critical ratio indicates that the sample mean is far from the population mean, suggesting that the null hypothesis may be rejected. This concept is commonly applied in contexts such as t-tests and z-tests to assess the likelihood of observing the sample data under the null hypothesis.
Rejecting a true null hypothesis.
This will reduce the type 1 error. Since type 1 error is rejecting the null hypothesis when it is true, decreasing alpha (or p value) decreases the risk of rejecting the null hypothesis.