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Yes, he can. The option then for the commanding officer would be to either drop the charge completely, impose NJP (Non-Judicial Punishment) at Captain's Mast, or refer it to a General Court Martial.

From the C.O.'s perspective, it wouldn't have gone to a summary court martial unless there was a real offense and the evidence was pretty strong, so whenever a sailor refuses a summary court martial, it's probably going to go to a GCM.

This is a bad idea for a number of reasons, not the least of which is that a Summary Court Martial is quite limited in the severity of the punishments that can be imposed. At a GCM, the Court can impose very severe punishments up to and including the death penalty for treason or cowardice during wartime, "or such lesser punishment as the court may direct".

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Q: Can a sailor refuse summary court martial?
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