Yes, as a provision of the Hague Treaty on International Collection of Child Support.
Some countries have reciprocal agreements with the US about child support - contact your State's child support agency for help with this.
It depends. Many nations share a recriprocal agreement and will enforce child support payments from a citizen of their country to a different one.
No.
Yes, if it is a reciprocating country
no
Yes
Yes, unless you are receiving SSI.
Yes, you can apply for U.S. citizenship if you owe child support, but you will need to supply proof either that you are current in your payments or that you are on a payment plan/agreement to make you become current. If your payments are not current, there is a chance that your application may be denied. "Good moral character" is a requirement in order to become a US citizen and if you did not pay your child support, the officer may decide that you do not meet this requirement, however if you are paying your child support on time, there is no reason this should be a problem.
A person who is a citizen of the United States will be required to pay child support at age 18. Child support must also be paid until the child reaches the age of 18.
If it is within 3 miles of the U.S. shoreline, then the child would be a U.S. citizen. If it is more than that, then the child is not.
Yes of course. The child still have expenses.
It can be done. I suggest that you contact your State's child support agency. When you get an interview with them, bring all the papers relating to your child support: birth certificates, acknowledgments of paternity, court orders, payment records, etc. Be polite but persistent. Good luck!
yes
yes
Yes, especially if the parent collected Welfare at some point.