Yes, in a way.
The rule of thumb is that you need to breed a cow 12 hours after you see her show signs of estrus or heat. A bull will typically mate a cow during her heat period, but not when she's not in heat, which is the rest of the 17 to 24 days that she's not in heat.
A cow's estrous cycle typically lasts about 21 days. This is the period of time between one heat (or estrus) and the next.
Yes. A bull will mate with a cow more than once during her heat cycle if he is so inclined and if he has few other cows to mate with.
It could be. It could also be that the cow may be just going in or out of heat and the bull already caught her, which is why he's not interested in her. Without any further information such as if you seen her tail was crooked or she was acting funny in the hind end, this is all I can come up with for you as an answer to this question.
No. Once a cow is pregnant she won't have any signs of heat again, until after she gives birth to her calf.
A cow can come into heat at ANY time of the year and ANY season. There are no specific environmental conditions that have to occur for a cow to come into heat, unlike with other animals like sheep, goats and horses, for example. Cows come into heat every 17 to 24 days, regardless of what environmental conditions that occur.
Same amount for a beef cow: estrus is around 24 hours. Estrous is 21 days long.
No. A cow or heifer in heat will stay with the herd, or rather, the herd will stick with her.
Ovulation is the process where an ovum (or egg) ruptures from a mature follicle. During the heat cycle, the follicle matures and the side opposite of the egg bulges and becomes thin. This thin tissue ruptures, releasing the egg from the ovaries and moves it into the oviduct. Ovulation occurs ~12 hours after standing heat in the cow.
A cow is typically ready for conception when she exhibits signs of heat, such as mounting other cows, increased vocalization, and a swollen vulva. This usually occurs every 21 days. Additionally, monitoring her reproductive cycle and using tools like heat detection patches or activity monitors can help determine the optimal time for breeding.
Only if the cow that they're mounting is in heat.
This really depends on the cow. Often it is the one that is being ridden that is in heat, however the one that is in heat can also ride other cows (and even the bull). The one that is in heat is the one that stands to be mounted and doesn't try to turn around and butt the other cow that had just ridden her.