Yes. The potential energy E= -mGM/r is transferred to mass m as mv2.
The orbit rate squared w2 = GM/r3.
Yes. For example, this happens in a seesaw.
If the objects are the same distance apart (center to center), then the gravitational force between two less massive objects will be less than the gravitational force between two more massive objects.
Yes. At a greater distance, the gravitational attraction between two objects is less.
The masses of the two objects and the distance between the two objects affect the gravitational force between them.
When you don't have gravitational interaction between objects.
Mass
The magnituide of the gravitational force between two objects will increase if -- the mass of one or both objects increases OR -- the distance between their centers-of-mass decreases.
The gravitational force is directly proportional to each of the masses.
Objects of greater mass have more gravitational pull.
Gravitational forces between objects depend only on their masses and the distance between them. Velocity has no effect.
As the objects move farther apart, the gravitational force between them decreases. Every time the distance between them doubles, the force between them drops 75%.
As the objects move farther apart, the gravitational force between them decreases. Every time the distance between them doubles, the force between them drops 75%.