For a short amount of time with enough food and water they will be able to orbit Mars.
They use robots. Yes. They also get data from orbiting spacecraft.
No. There is no liquid water at or above the surface of mars. Therefore, it cannot rain.
Mercury is smaller than Mars. While Mars has two moons orbiting it, Mercury has none. Mercury has a hotter surface temperature than Mars due to the fact that it is closer to the Sun.
The surface area of Mars is 144,798,500 km2. This is about the same as all the above sea-level surface area of Earth.
No. A meteor that gets to the ground is a meteoroid. An Asteroid is an orbiting body between Mars ans Jupiter.
The gravitational force exerted at the surface (and above the surface) of Mars is weaker than that here on Earth. The reason: Mars has less mass than earth.
Mars' moons are Phobos and Deimos. No other known natural objects are orbiting Mars. But humans have sent three satellites into orbit around Mars. Mars Express (ESA), 2001: Mars Odyssey (NASA) and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (NASA).
Orbiting, spinning,
The Rover mission confirmed that Mars once had liquid water on its surface.
Mars does not orbit the Earth. Mars orbits the Sun, as does the Earth.
mars
If there is, neither any orbiting probes nor any robotic rover on the surface has relayed the image to mission controllers on Earth yet.