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yes
You can't. The 120 volt GFCI is probably just a 2-wire (hot, neutral and ground) You would have to run a new 3-wire (2 hots, neutral and ground). The two hots are how you get the 240 volts (120+120=240). Also you must make sure the wire is gauged properly. #10 wire for 30 amps, #12 wire for 20 amps, etc.
Yes, in the form of GFCI circuit breakers, not as a receptacle.
240
divide 240 by 2 and.. voila.. you get 120!
No, a 240 volt device runs on 240, and a 120 volt device runs on 120. Attempting to run a device on incompatible voltage results in damage.
no
One has an element designed to work on 120 volts, the other has an element designed to work on 240 volts.
Only if the cable going to your well pump is a three wire. The third wire could carry the neutral and you will have 120 volts from either 240 leg to the neutral.
120 volts and 240 volts. Typically 240 volts is supplied to the house electrical service entrance. It is split into it's 120 volt components via two buss bars. Hooking a circuit up to just one bar yields 120 volts. Hooking into both gives 240 volts.
120/240 volts is the working voltage in North America.
120/240 volts is the working voltage in North America.