yes
Infrared astronomy can also be done from the ground, though it is limited by interference from Earth's atmosphere. Space-based infrared telescopes, such as the Spitzer Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope, provide clearer images by avoiding atmospheric distortion.
No, there are hundreds of radio telescopes on Earth. There are some frequency ranges that are absorbed by the atmosphere, or by clouds, but there are wide bands of radio frequencies to which the air is quite transparent.
The only one I can think of is earth? I don't even actually know for sure.
Yes, some of it can. Infrared radiation is trapped by greenhouse gases, but not all of it is trapped. These gases only trap radiation in very specific parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, so there are "windows" where it can escape.
Infrared radiation is the component of sunlight responsible for heat. When sunlight hits an object, the object absorbs some of this infrared radiation, which causes its temperature to rise and gives us the sensation of warmth.
None of the above and all of the above. The only difference is that astronomy looks at distant objects. Although we don't have astrobiology as a major one, astrogeology and astrophysics are major subdivisions of astronomy.
It is difficult to give a definitive answer. Cosmology is the science which you need to understand how there can be an Earth. Planetology is the science which tries to understand how planets form and Geology which studies how the earth formed and has changed since it formed. Earth Science crosses some of these discipline and adds in bits of other science areas such as oceanography, biology climatology and geography. Earth science is an approach to teaching a range of sciences to students.
The moon is pretty much the only astromical object (except earth) a person can look at and see detail on without some optical aid.
No. They only work with cameras that can focus via infrared light.
only if you have a filter
Since our eyes can't see infrared light, you wouldn't be able to see ANYTHING if infrared is the only light available.
Rizal Technological University in Mandaluyong City is the first and currently the only school that offers courses in astronomy such as B.S. Astronomy Technology and MS in Astronomy