Yes as a matter of fact they can hit the Moon. Take a look at the Moon through
a telescope and you will see what I mean.
Moon Near-Earth Objects (asteroids, comets) Venus Mars
If they crash into Earth, an enormous amount of energy can be released, since they move very fast.
No. All the sputniks were in fairly low-Earth orbits, and wouldn't have been able to get anywhere near the Moon.
according to statistics maintained by NASA's Center for Near Earth Object Studies (CNEOS), 17,759 NEOs have been discovered: 107 near-Earth comets and 17,652 near-Earth asteroids.
no
Asteroids that occasionally cross the orbit of Earth are known as Near Earth Asteroids. Asteroids that both cross the orbit of the Earth and are large enough to pose a significant threat in the event of an impact are known as Potentially Hazardous Asteroids.
yes
The Near Earth Asteroids.
The evidence that asteroids have collided with earth before, depends on the surface. The way you can find this if there is unusual shapes in the ground( e.g. really deep ditch, that is too big for a human too dig).
yes
Main Belt asteroids -- a band of asteroids located in the "missing planet" gap between Mars and Jupiter. None of these are economically attractive in a near term program because they are too far from Earth.Amor asteroids -- asteroids whose orbits approach but do not cross Earth orbit, and whose orbits are further from the Sun than Earth's orbit (i.e., "outside-t" Earth orbit). Many have orbits which reside entirely between Earth and Mars. Some of these are economically attractive in the near term.Apollo asteroids -- asteroids whose orbits cross Earth's orbit. Apollo asteroids spend most of their time outside Earth orbit. Many of these are economically attractive in the near term.Aten asteroids -- asteroids whose orbits cross Earth's orbit. Unlike Apollos, Atens spend most of their time inside Earth orbit. A large percentage of known Atens are economically attractive in the near term.
Numerous asteroids are in constant motion around the earth, infinitely tracing their orbits. Occasionally some will collide or break down and fall as bits of meteor to Earth.