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As Archimedes discovered in his famous "Eureka!" moment, an object will float in water by displacing an amount of water with equal mass as the object. A ship floats because s displace a large amount of water, without submerging the decks. Any ocean ship will normally flat in freshwater; but because fresh water (having no salt) is less dense, the ship must displace a greater volume of water and will rest lower in the water line.

Some river barges (such as on the Rhine) are so heavily laden, that they appear to be about to sink. But because rivers have no swell, it is perfectly safe. If such a barge were filled to the gunwales (i.e. filled right up) in a seawater-port such as Rotterdam, and then went into the fresh River Rhine, the barge would be in danger of sinking.

(All vessels must have a Plimsoll line to show the permissible level to which a vessel may be safely laden).

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