An accurate measurement is made with a pH-meter; pH-papers make only approximative determination.
Universal indicator is just that - an indicator. It is not intended as an accurate measurement system.
Litmus paper
The easiest way is to use a pH meter. Dip it into the solution and read off the answer. If you don't have a pH meter than it gets harder. Colored indicators on paper strips can give you a rough idea of the pH by the color they turn when dipped in the solution. The same sort of dyes can be obtained in liquid form as well. If you want to get an accurate pH and you don't have a pH meter you can use a process called titration, where you compare your solution with a solution with a known pH. Its slow, its complicated. Buy a meter.
Add chalk (Calcium carbonate) if it is an acid the chalk will 'fizz' as it reacts and it will give off carbon dioxide gas. Or just use a universal indicator solution or test with litmus paper.
An indicator has to be able to change colors as the pH of the solution approaches ithe indicators pH range. For example, universal indicator starts out as a yellowish color in an acidic solution, then as it grows more neutral(more towords 7) it becomes a greener color, and as it grows more basic, it starts to become a blue color. Universal indicator will give you an indication of HOW acidic or alkaline a solution is, depending on the exact color. Litmus can only turn red or blue and can't distinguish between differing amounts of acid or base
Universal indicator is just that - an indicator. It is not intended as an accurate measurement system.
Use a universal indicator or litmus paper. Litmus paper will turn red in acidic conditions and blue in alkali conditions. Universal indicator can give a more accurate PH reading than litmus paper.
Litmus only differentiates between acidic and alkaline solutions. It does not give an accurate value of the degree of acidity of alkalinity. Universal Indicator can help measure the pH of the given solution as it does not just change from red to blue and vice versa, but in solution has a range of colours.
Assuming the scale is new, and has been calibrated properly, it should give an accurate reading. To be sure, compare weights on an electric, and traditional scale.
using a calculator.
disposable thermometers
The fuel gauge will no longer give an accurate reading.
When china rose petals are kept in warm water they give out colour after some time. This coloured solution can be used as china rose indicator.
The glassware that provides the most accurate measurement of volume is the measuring cup. A glass measuring cup has lines on it to give an accurate reading.
Litmus paper
Yes it should give you a accurate reading. And if you have any doubts you can take it to a local shop and have them measure it for you which should be free of charge.
Verniers give you a less accurate approximation of the thickness, whereas a micrometer can give a more accurate measurement, often by 100 orders more accurate.