Yes.
Yes, you can change your status. You should go to the INS and apply for change of status before your current visa expires.
If you mean on a tourist visa, no.
Yes.In case you are already in US use immigration Form I-539 to change the status to another visa if you are eligible for it. If you are outside US you can follow the procedure specific to the visa type you want to apply for.
Applying for a permanent residence is simple. All you have to do is get all your paper work together and apply for a visa for the US.
Your have to be invited by a legitimate US based company to work there; This means that they are going to sponsor your work visa. Then you have to take their job offer to the nearest US embassy or consulate general near where you live and apply for a work visa. If you are in the US with a different category of visa, you should go to the Immigration and Naturalization Service (the INS). *People who travel to the US under Visa Waiver Program cannot change their status while in the US.
No, you cannot apply for a B1 visa while in the US. You must apply for a B1 visa from outside the US at a US embassy or consulate.
No, you cannot apply for an F1 visa while in the US. You must apply for an F1 visa from outside the US at a US embassy or consulate.
AnswerSure you do. Unless you apply to adjust your status before the visa expires.I have been told that you can even apply to adjust after it has expired but they can still opt to deport you.
No, you cannot apply for a J1 visa while in the US. You must apply for a J1 visa from outside the country at a US embassy or consulate.
US residence status only removes the need for a visa for the USA. Outside the USA it has no validity, it is your Turkish citizenship which determines whether you need a visa or not. See the link below for a full list of visa-free countries for Turkish citizens.
Not unless you are a diplomat. Other than that it would be wise to apply for an International Drivers License which would be valid sufficiently long enough for a tourist visa visit in the US If you intend to take up temporary residence (student or temporary residence status) you will need to apply for, and pass, the state dirvers license exam of the state in which you will be residing.
If she wants to visit you in the US, she should apply at the nearest US consulate for a tourist or visitor's Visa. If she wants to join you in the US on a semi-permanent basis, she should apply for a visa that allows long term residence. Then you buy her a ticket on an airplane, and make sure she has a valid passport.