You don't offer any state specifics, so this is certainly not to be taken as a definitive answer.
The question here is about assault. Assault involves putting another another in apprehension of imminent physical harm.
If you're talking about actual physical contact, then you want to know about battery.
In general, battery is the intentional offensive or harmful touching of another. The law generally doesn't draw distinctions between batteries. So if someone punches you intentionally with the intent to harm, they have committed a battery. If you punch them back, you have committed one as well.
With that being said, the law recognizes a self defense exclusion to battery. If you are charged with battery, you can at trial claim self defense. If you can prove it, the judge can dismiss the charges.
You are generally allowed to defend yourself using a reasonable amount of force and using no more degree of force than was used against you. So if this is a fist fight, you can't reply with deadly force (knife or a gun). And these rules generally only apply in defense of people, not property. But like I said, this is VERY dependent on what state you're in (the castle doctrine in some states has created new questions about this etc).
Best course of action is to grab your crotch and move your butt rapidly in a counter-clockwise motion. In your head, calculate the position of Orion times the gravitational pull of last night's meatloaf on your sphincter as you squeeze your balls. SCREAM and release the ooze on the bastards face.
Yes, you can, especially if the police and/or DA think that maybe you weren't just defending someone. Then it would be for a jury to decide.
Defending another person is not a crime. You could be charged criminally if you committed assault or battery. Whether this happened is not clear from the question.
The only way this could happen is if the homeowner committed greater harm defending himself than the offender could have caused. For instance, if a burglar came into your house unarmed and you decided to shoot him or stab him, you could be charged with assault. If however a burglar broke into your home and a physical fight ensued and you were fighting for your life and you seriously injured the person or killed him, you would not be culpable of a crime.
Someone 'grabbing' you and 'taking' something from you, constitutes (a) an assault and (b) a robbery (in some jurisdictions classifed as: "Robbery By Force & Violence") - you ARE justified in resisting or defending yourself.
Yes, they can be charged with assault. They may even be charged as an adult.
They should be charged with assault.
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It depends on the state. Some do not allow "assault on assault" charges.
Assault and battery is what you would be charged with.
It IS possible, especially due to the extent of the injuries to the other party. You will, of course, have to prove in court that you actually were defending yourself.
If you were charged with a felony assault and the charges were dropped, you do not have a criminal record. The charges can be picked up by the state at a later date.
Either assault or attempted murder. If you used a weapon it would be assault with a weapon/deadly weapon.
Assault, ABH, GBH, RABH, attempted murder, man slaughter.