Yes, you can change your plea to guilty at any time up to - and including - your court appearance.
a person is allowed the opportunity to have a hearing
Yes, in New York State, you can change your plea from not guilty to guilty before the date of the hearing. You would need to inform the court of your decision and follow the necessary steps to do so before the scheduled hearing.
Your plea is : Guilty or Not Guilty.
ARRAIGNMENT.
not to feel guilty and to find evidence to prove you are guilty
Never heard of this happening, but I do not believe that it oculd the way you describe. Once the verdict is announced from the bench - THAT is IT! They would have to re-open the trial, or have a whole other hearing before they could just change the delivered verdict. Would need to know more about the circumstances in order to comment further.
Unsure what is being asked. When the defense and prosecution "rest" and the case is ready to go to the jury, the judge "instructs" them in the law(s) applicable to that case before sending them into deliberation.
To hear the actual charges against him, and the opportunity to plead guilty or not guilty.
I do not think this is the right spelling. It should be ARRAIGNMENT --- that means to call him before the court to answer an accusation. In normal practice, arraignment is a hearing where a person accused of a crime must enter a plea of guilty, not guilty, or nolo contendre. If they enter a not guilty plea, the case will then be sent on for trial.
A hearing during which you enter a plea of guilty or not guilty. It can also be a general motion to the courts for certain things.
Yes, you can.
After arraignment: preliminary hearing(s) take place - followed by the trial itself - followed by a sentencing hearing (if found guilty).