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Yes it is possible to convert sound energy to electrical energy by using the vibrations (sound's mechanical kineticenergy) to drive a microphone, of which there are several types. Such an energy-converter generally is called a transducer: a loudspeaker is also a transducer, working the other way round.

One microphone type moves a fine coil across a magnetic field, thus inducing a tiny electrical current matching the sound's frequency and proportional toits amplitude. The pick-up on an Electric Guitar works in a somewhat similar way, there by the steel stringaltering the magnetic field around a coil to induce the current

Other microphones by using the sound pressure to vary the capacitance or the resistance of thesensing unit itself.

Still other microphones and their underwater equivalents, "hydrophones",use piezo-electric ceramic as the transductive element. A piezo-electric material generates a small voltage across it in response to the changing strainscreated by the changing stresses of the sound's presure.I used italics to help you see it uses the fundamental difference between stress and strain.

With all these devices, the output is fed to a suitable amplifier to increase the tiny currents to something more useful.

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