I believe so, since it's an internal flight. You'll still need some photographic proof of identity in order to fly anywhere.
no
Yes, a passport is required when flying into Scotland from East Midlands or any other destination outside of the UK. Make sure to check the entry requirements for your specific nationality before traveling.
You don't need any form of passport to cross the border between England and Scotland as they are the same nation. It's possible that the airline may require a passport for identification though.
No, for domestic flights, you will need a form of photographic ID, not necessarily a passport.
Yes
yes
Any valid passport will suffice.
Certainly not
No sorry
It depends on your citizenship.
Most airlines will not allow you to board an aircraft without an acceptable form of ID. A valid passport is the most acceptable form of ID. If you haven't got a passport, speak to the airline that you are planning to travel with and ask them what will be acceptable to them. Alternatively, go by train.
No you need a passport.