yes
half the kids in london under the age of 16 have a conviction for possession of cannabis, of course you could go!
The worst thing about shoplifting is having a permanent police record that says you are a thief.
Yes, your record will be cleared when you turn 16 in the UK for shoplifting if you had been charged earlier when you were 14.
Unless it was commited prior to your 18th birthday an adult criminal record stay with you for life, it doesn't "go away" with time.
You'll need to apply for a visa in order to travel to Algeria, but a shoplifting record should not be an issue, assuming you're not on probation.
1 year
no. it stays on your record until the day you die. everything does.
Criminal records are permanent.
No. Algeria does not like thieves.
If the offense occurred after you turned 18 it will be a permanent part of your criminal history record.
If you were charged with and pled (or were found) guilty to shoplifting (thus paying the fine) it will appear on a criminal background record.