Yes - if you know where to aim.
Yes.......
The largest deer you can reliably kill each time with a 30-30 Winchester would be a whitetail. You can take elk and others in that class but I highly don't recommend it.
Yes, subject to legal restrictions which vary from state and even within some states. The 30-30 is considered the classic deer rifle.
I believe that a .270 caliber, .308, .30-30, and .243 caliber rifles are great calibers to hunt deer with. I think that a .30-06 is just a bit overkill, but sometimes i will use that. i use eather a .270 or a .308 most of the time when i hunt white tail deer
Winchester 94 in 30-30 caliber.
This question depends on the bullet, trajectory, and placement. Personally, I would never take a .223 caliber rifle against a deer. It does not have the penetration or mass of the bullet to make a good shot. Now back to the question, yes it could but it is highly unrecommended. Technically, a 22lr could kill a deer, but that is a less that 0.05% chance! Use a .308 or 30-06 caliber rifle!
Yes, if you have a semi auto and are in a rifle county. It has about the same power as a 30-30 deer rifle. Nothing great.
No, no air rifle has a capablitay to kill a deer. The maruader is a great gun but it can only kill up to a rabbit or mabye a fox. If you try to shoot a deer with that it will charge at you or it will just shake it off.
A 223 would be fine for a deer rifle but you need to make sure the (youth) person can hit the kill zone. I would suggest the 243.
Your rifle is a Marlin (Winchester 30-30 is caliber). Value will be based on condition, but somewhere between $225-$350 for Good to Excellent. Great little deer rifle.
300 to 400
Any caliber can do the job. Most states regulate what can be used.