yes
Generally, yes. It depends on the outside air temperature.
It does not hurt an engine to run it with no exhaust muffler
There are compressors with motors designed to run on DC. A compressor with an AC motor can't.
The functions of the automobile computer is very dependent upon the make and model of the automobile. New were automobile computers run virtually everything in the passenger compartment.
yes it wont allow your compressor to run
Air conditioning compressor? air ride compressor? question not clear enough.
Typical causes of a compressor not running are: low coolant, blown fuse in compressor circuit, bad compressor, bad temperature sensor.
you cant run out of "turbo" what a turbo does is it forces air and fuel inside the engine faster by spooling up from the flow of the exhaust the difference between it and a supercharger is that the supercharger is ran off the belt not the exhaust gases they produce "boost" (the amount of psi the turbo or supercharger is pushing out) turbo is the shortened name for turbocharger
If the compressor has stopped running altogether the AC will not work.
no it has a safeguard to prevent overheating the compressor
Different motor windings in the compressor: Common, Start, Run
Yes. A car can run without an exhaust manifold. It will burn out the exhaust valves in the cylinders a lot faster than normal, but it can be done.