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A plasma consists of an gas in which some gas atoms/molecules are ionised. If it is is in thermal equilibrium then in order to maintain the needed level of ionisation will require that the gas is very hot. Of the order of 4-5,000 degrees Celsius.

In a non-thermal plasma the electrons are hot enough to ionise the gas but the gas is at a different temperature. This can be achieved by heating the electrons by using a microwave or radio frequency field. As the electrons are light they do not exchange energy with the gas very efficiently. So in a non-thermal plasma the gas can be cold.

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