Depending on where you were on the moon, if the timing was favorable you could have a pretty clear view of most of the planets in the solar system, from Mercury out to Saturn if you know where to look; Uranus would barely be visible to the naked eye - because it is so distant it doesn't orbit fast and is pretty dim, historically it was often mistaken for a star, or comet. To see Neptune you'd need help from equipment like a telescope.
Every planet does not directly orbit the Moon.
there is a moon for every planet
The moon is always a sphere but the moon does not look the same every week when observed from Earth. This is because we see sunlight hitting the moon at different angles as it orbits our planet.
The Moon is a moon and the planets are planets, so it's impossible for a moon to be a planet. See related questions.
Mercury
See related questions
No. The moon is a natural satellite which orbits our planet every month.
It's a hoax. It happens almost every year. Mars is supposed to be the size of the Moon. See link for NASA headline news
When the sun and the moon are on opposite sides of our planet.
Obviously, every planet. Every planet has its own moon. If you are talking about the moon we see at night, that moon is the moon orbiting Earth. So Earth is the closest to Earth's moon, Jupiter is closest to Jupiter's moon, and so forth.
There are many different moons (i thnk almost every planet has at least one except for a few maybe)>> Jupiter ~ see related link below .
No. Almost every planet has moons or A moon. Saturn and Jupiter have many moons (23+). The Moon is OUR only moon. We can't see the other moons because they're very far away! Our moon is close to us.