yes on a clear night
The Earth is in the Milky Way Galaxy. We can see stars at night, so yes.
I know that we are near the edge. (It is round.) Does that help? (It is much more dense in the middle; that is what you see at night when you see "the Milky Way" - the middle there-of.)
As you're reading this answer, you're probably in your home or school. Can you see your home or school? Pretty much the same way, then.
My galaxy, and hopefully yours, IS the Milky Way. For information concerning where Earth is in the Milky Way, see related question. See related link for more information
Zero. We are in it
No - because we're inside it.
The galaxy that contains Earth and the rest of the Solar system is the Milky Way galaxy.
Yes. The Milky Way is the name we give to our galaxy. All the stars we can see are in our own galaxy, so all the constellations we see are part of the Milky Way. At certain parts of the night sky we can see a dusty pattern through the sky which most people call the Milky Way. However, it is just part of it, and every star we can see is part of the Milky Way too, including the Sun and all the planets and of course Earth.
There isn't one. really. If there is a difference, you could say that the Milky Way is the milky band of light as seen from Earth, whereas the Milky Way Galaxy is the whole galaxy, which includes those bit's we cannot see from Earth. Best to just accept they are one and the same.
It is very easy. Since the Earth is in the Milky Way, you don't even have to move to get to the Milky Way.
Milky Way Galaxy, Sun, Earth
No. The earth is inside of the milky way Galaxy.