You can but you may need new Service wires ran to your house to support the larger load. You will probably be looking at paying a couple thousand dollars for it.
No. If device draws 200 amps breaker will trip.
A #1 copper wire with an insulation rating of 90 degrees C is rated at 140 amps.
You should not load a 125 amp panel any more than 100 amps.
No. You can not buy a 200 amp that only occupies 2 slots on the panel.
There are two things to think about here. First of all a 200 amp breaker will not physically fit into a 100 amp panel. This is so designed because the panel buss is not designed to conduct 200 amps before the current is cut off. A 100 amp rating on the panel is the maximum amount of current that the manufacturer states, that can be handled safely. Second if the 200 amp breaker is in the main panel then everything downstream from that breaker has to be rated for 200 amp conductivity. The wire size will have to be 3/0 from the breaker to the first over current device in the sub panel which will be the sub panel's main breaker. The sub panel can not be a load center but will have to be a combination panel. I doubt that the 100 amp sub panel's main breaker lugs would be large enough to connect the 3/0 cable.
100amps
You can swap a single breaker for two mini breakers or you can add a sub-panel. If you only need a couple of extra circuits then just add mini-breakers.
Some 200 amp breaker panels are made with only 20 slots.
As many as you wish, as long as you do cross 200 amp limit
you propaly can't sub panel from 100 amp panel. Just not enough amperage to be worth while. i had to up grade t a 200 amp main first and then I was able to take a 60 sub panel from that.
A 200 amp service panel will require a # 4 bare copper ground wire.
The sizing of an electrical panel is based on the total connected load. Most new homes today will use a minimum of 200 amp panel. This size distribution panel will give ample room for expansion in the future. As more and more appliances and larger connected loads appear on the market, distribution panels have gone from 30 to 60 to 100 to 125 and now the standard is 200 amps.