No. Cartilage is not another name for bone. It is hard tissue like bone, but is mostly made of collagen fibers, whereas bone is mostly made of extracellular matrix that contains calcium and phosphorus.
Articular cartilage
It is just called an articular cartilage. The type of cartilage is fibrocartilage.
triticeal cartilage
The name of the cartilage is coastal cartilage.
Cartilage of septum
Bone starts out as cartilage and as it matures it becomes bone...
cartilage
hyaline cartilage is located in between bones
Thearticular cartilage of a typical long bone is composed of the Hyaline cartilage.
Sharks, rays and ratfish have cartilage but its not sharks. Boney fish (like their name suggests) have bone in the mix - but they still have a lot of cartilage.
Chrondocyte
Teeth are teeth, neither cartilage or bone. But more similar to bone than cartilage.