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oxidize organic molecules with high potential energy (sugars), ATP made by cellular respiration or via fermentation pathways with sugars as e- donor
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Mycobacterium (Aerobic Chemoorganotrophs)?
Gram-positive bacterium, live on dead and decaying matter
Pseudomonas (Chemoorganotrophs)?
Gram-negative rods, Motile and often pigmented, Common opportunistic pathogen
Aerobic Chemoorganotrophs?
Obligate aerobes obtain energy using aerobic respiration exclusively -> None use fermentation
Micrococcus (Aerobic Chemoorganotrophs)?
Gram-positive cocci found in soil and dust 2) Produce yellow pigmented colonies
Thermus and Deinococcus (Chemoorganotrophs)?
Both have scientific and commercial uses 1.1) Thermus produces Taq polymerase 1.2) Dinococcus used to clean up radioactive contamination
Lactic acid bacteria (chemoorganotrophs)?
are Gram-positive organisms that produce lactic acid as an end product of fermentation -> Includes Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc 2) Most organisms of this group can grow in aerobic environments but are obligate fermenters
Propionibacterium (chemoorganotrophs)?
are Gram-positive rods 2) Organisms produce propionic acid as end product of fermentation 2.1) Essential in the production of Swiss cheese 2.2) These organisms can also ferment lactic acid 3) Can extract residual energy from waste product of other organisms
Clostridium (chemoorganotrophs)?
Members of genus Clostridium are Gram-positive rods. Obligate anaerobes (obligate fermenters) 1.1) Produce endospores 1.2) Common inhabitant of soil 2) Organisms in this genus ferment wide variety of compounds to produce energy 2.1) Some organisms ferment amino acids in process of putrefaction 3) Clostridium tetani - tetanus, Clostridium perfringens - gas gangrene, Clostridium botulinum - botulism, pseudomembranous colitis
Does yeast grow better in the dark or light?
Yeast typically grows better in dark environments because light can inhibit its growth. Yeast fermentation is an anaerobic process so light exposure can generate free radicals and reduce the yeast cells' ability to ferment.
What is the difference between chemotrophs and chemolithotrophs?
The difference is the way they obtain energy. Chemotrophs are organisms that obtain energy by the oxidation of electron donors in their environments. These molecules can be organic (chemoorganotrophs) or inorganic (chemolithotrophs). Photoheterotrophs are heterotrophic organisms that use light for energy, but cannot use carbon dioxide as their sole carbon source.
Is a yeast a living organism?
Yeasts are chemoorganotrophs as they use organic compounds as a source of energy and do not require sunlight to grow. The main source of carbon is obtained by hexose sugars such as glucose and fructose, or disaccharides such as sucrose and maltose. Some species can metabolize pentose sugars, alcohols, and organic acids. Yeast species either require oxygen for aerobic cellular respiration (obligate aerobes), or are anaerobic but also have aerobic methods of energy production (facultative anaerobes). Unlike bacteria, there are no known yeast species that grow only anaerobically (obligate anaerobes). Also, because they are adapted to them, yeasts grow best in a neutral pH environment
How does chemoautotrophs obtain energy?
Chemoautotrophs (or chemotrophic autotroph), in addition to deriving energy from chemical reactions, synthesize all necessary organic compounds from carbon dioxide. Chemoautotrophs generally only use inorganic energy sources. Most are bacteria or archaea that live in hostile environments such as deep sea vents and are the primary producers in such ecosystems. Evolutionary scientists believe that the first organisms to inhabit Earth were chemoautotrophs that produced oxygen as a by-product and later evolved into both aerobic, animal-like organisms and photosynthetic, plant-like organisms. Chemoautotrophs generally fall into several groups: methanogens, halophiles, sulfur reducers, nitrifiers, anammoxbacteria and thermoacidophiles.
