variancce analysis
A valuable management tool, standard costing is part of cost accounting. Rather than using actual costs for direct material, labor and manufacturing overhead, standard costs are used to easily track variances and estimate profit.Though actual costs are still paid, standard costing is often used for inventories and cost of goods sold. The difference between standard and actual costs are known as variances. These variances are what make standard costing such a valuable practice for management. Management can quickly become aware of changes in budgeted costs by tracking the variances.When standard costing is used, you will often hear the terms unfavorable or favorable variance. This refers to changes in actual costs in relation to planned or standard costs. A favorable variance takes place when actual costs dip below standard costs. Conversely, if actual costs rise above standards, the variance is unfavorable.In regards to manufacturing companies, standard costs would first be seen as individual parts or pieces of the finished product. This means that the final standard cost will be the sum of the standard costs of each of the individual pieces of the product.
All measurements are made by merely comparing the object to be measured with a known object which is called the standard , or reference.
It is calibrating.
Calibration of a pressure gauge involves comparing its readings to a known standard - in this case, a standard mass. The process typically involves applying different masses to the gauge to simulate different pressure levels and measuring the output. By comparing the actual output to the expected output based on the applied masses, any discrepancies can be identified and the gauge can be adjusted accordingly to improve its accuracy.
A standard candle is an object in space with a known brightness. By comparing the actual brightness of a standard candle to how bright it appears from Earth, astronomers can calculate the distance to that object. This method helps measure distances in astronomy by providing a consistent reference point for determining how far away celestial objects are.
The process of comparing an unknown quantity to a standard known quantity is called calibration. This involves measuring the unknown quantity using a calibrated instrument or reference standard to determine its accuracy and reliability. Calibration ensures that measurements are consistent and accurate across different devices or instruments.
The collection of data by comparing objects in standard units is known as measurement. Standard units are commonly used to quantify properties such as length, mass, time, volume, and temperature, allowing for consistency and uniformity in data collection and analysis. Comparing objects using standard units enables meaningful comparisons and accurate representation of quantitative information.
adverse variance
favourable variance
ascertain the size, amount, or degree of (something) by using an instrument or device marked in standard units or by comparing it with an object of known size
The process you are describing is known as calculating the percent yield. It is a measure of how efficient a chemical reaction is by comparing the actual amount of product obtained (actual yield) with the maximum possible amount that could be obtained (theoretical yield) under ideal conditions.
Standard solutions are used in industries for calibrating instruments, verifying the accuracy of measurements, and ensuring consistency in testing procedures. They provide a known reference point for comparing results and are essential for quality control and assurance processes.