Hubs and repeaters operate at the Physical Layer of the OSI Model. The Physical Layer is the first layer of the OSI Model.
Switches are generally considered layer 2 devices, but many are capable of operating at layers 3, 4 or higher. Most hubs are amplifying the electrical signal; therefore, they are really repeaters with several ports. Hubs and repeaters are Layer 1 (physical layer) devices.
Layer 3
The network layer or layer 3 is where you would expect to find routers or possibly layer 3 switches. The network layer is the point where different networks can converge. Routing tables held on layer 3 devices are the path out of the network. If you look at your ipconfig information with the /all switch you will see an address given for default gateway. This will point to the router that is aware of all other networks or sub networks you have access to. In the home this is usually the inside or private address of your DSL or cable modem. I understand some bridges operate at layer 3 as well. At layer 3 Ethernet frames are formed into packets in preparation for routing between networks or sub networks. Because the OSI layer is as implied open there are many examples of software and hardware that can operate at the network layer but router would be the best answer most of the time.
Network Layer
PING, Netstat & Tracert
No. Only protocols that users can see on their screen are considered Presentation Layer based. Hubs and repeaters operate on the physical layer, because it doesn't do anything with the data, it simply forwards it.
All network devices have some component that operates at layer 1. Only hubs and repeaters operate entirely at layer 1.
1. Repeaters (Operate at the OSI Physical Layer).2. Bridges (Operate at the OSI Data Link Layer).3. Routers {and Brouters} (Operate at the OSI Network Layer).
1) Physical layer is the first layer. 2) The simplest ones operate at the physical layer are: Repeaters, conventional hubs and transceivers. 3)These devices have absolutely no knowledge of the contents of a message. They just take input bits and send them as output. Cheers, AceInfo Solutions.
Repeaters operate at the physical layer of the OSI model.
If devices are within the same network then they operate at the second layer.
Repeaters and hubs
Switches are generally considered layer 2 devices, but many are capable of operating at layers 3, 4 or higher. Most hubs are amplifying the electrical signal; therefore, they are really repeaters with several ports. Hubs and repeaters are Layer 1 (physical layer) devices.
It depends on what kind of model it is, but in the model for computer 321O, it is on the layer between trhe keyboard and the behind screen, and there is a button with the osi code and there says everything.
Gateway
Gateway network device
Routers operate at layer 3. LAN switches operate at layer 2. Ethernet hubs operate at layer 1.