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You mention conservation in general; there are several conservation laws, like conservation of energy, of linear momentum, of rotational momentum, of electrical charge, and others.

This is originally based on experience - for example, no cases are known where the linear momentum is violated.

However, these conservation laws (or many of them?) can be explained with Noether's Theorem. This is some very advanced math (for me, at least), but basically, it states that for every symmetry in nature, there is a corresponding conservation law. For example, the fact that the laws of physics are the same today as a year ago (they don't change over time) is related to the Law of Conservation of Energy; the Law of Conservation of Momentum is related to a symmetry with respect to position (the laws of nature are the same here as on the Moon), and the Law of Conservation of Rotational Momentum is related to a symmetry with respect to rotation (if you rotate an experimental apparatus, the results won't change).

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15y ago

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