The G clef is one of many clefs used in music, and the different clefs represent different ranges of notes. Different clefs accommodate different instruments, depending on their ranges. The G clef is one of the better known clefs; it is a mid-range clef and along with the F clef it is standard for almost all piano music. You will note that the fancy "G" that is the symbol for the clef forms an 'x' over the fourth line down in the clef, the line that represents the note 'g'. This is the g one fifth above 'middle c' on the piano, and it is a whole step below the 'a' that has a frequency of 880 cps. The 'a' below middle c on the piano is tuned at 440 cps, the current standard pitch for most musical purposes.
Clefs do not always represent absolute frequencies for every application. I believe that sopranos and altos, while they use the G clef, in reality produce tones that are an octave above the standard suggested pitches. The use of clefs is a matter of convention and convenience.
The musical staff was invented because it would be easier to figure out the different pitches and either it was the bass clef or the treble clef.
The clef
A few commonly known musical symbols are the G clef otherwise known as the Treble Clef. There are also the musical notes Breve, Semibreve, Minim, Crotchet and Quaver.
This is not really a good question. Phrases refer to how long a musical line (musical thought) is within a piece and a staff refers to where the lined structure on which a clef (treble clef, bass clef etc...) resides.
base clef
G-clef in Tagalog is called "Kandiling titik G" or "G-clef." It is a symbol used in musical notation to indicate the pitch of written notes.
Generally music written for the piano will place the notes intended for the left hand in the bass clef, although there is no reason a musical piece could not be written to be played entirely in the Treble clef.
treble clef, staff, and notes
A bass staff is a musical staff which opens out with a bass clef.
In treble clef it sits on the 1st line. In bass clef it sits on the first ledger line below the staff
That depends on which clef. It's difficult to explain in words, but a quick Google search of musical clefs will get you your answers.
Treble Clef ... Guitarists can use regular music, but most have chord fingering icons above the staff.