a ruling, judgment or decision
judge.
It depends on the type of court. Ultimately the Judge has the final say in a criminal court.
No, they cannot be sued civilly because of such decisions.
Judgment may be
The judge has the ultimate authority in a courtroom.
Judges don't "lose" in court, they rule on cases and points of law. Occasionally their decisions may be overturned by an appeals court, but that is not described as a "loss."
No. Trials in Federal District Court are heard by a single judge, and sometimes a jury.
No, only trial decisions can be appealed.
A statute law is made by parliament. Statute is legislation and acts. A judge-made law, or a common law, is a result of judicial decisions, decisions which originate from court cases.
No. Trials in Federal District Court are heard by a single judge, and sometimes a jury.
In the US, anyone can be sued for anything. The question is not whether you can sue, but whether you can win. In the US, court decisions do not open the judge up for personal liability.
Overturned by the judge (e.g.: a "runaway" jury) or, reversed on appeal to a higher court.