It is a measure of how easily an electron cloud is distorted by an electric field. Electron cloud will belong to atom, molecule or Ion. It is the quantitative measurement of the extent to which the electronic cloud can be polarized
Polarizability
The SI unit of atomic polarizability is cubic metre or m^3.
Polarizability is a measure of how easily the electron cloud of an atom or molecule can be distorted by an external electric field. It can be experimentally determined by measuring the relative change in polarizability when subjected to an external electric field. Quantum mechanical calculations can also be used to predict polarizability based on the electronic structure of the system.
The sources of polarizability include the electronic cloud of an atom or molecule, which can be distorted by an external electric field, causing polarization. This distortion leads to the formation of temporary dipoles, inducing a dipole moment in the atom or molecule. Additionally, the structure and symmetry of the atom or molecule also play a role in determining its polarizability.
The dipole moment of a molecule is related to its polarizability. A molecule with a higher dipole moment tends to have higher polarizability, meaning it can be easily distorted by an external electric field. This is because the distribution of charge within the molecule is more uneven in molecules with higher dipole moments.
Polarity in chemical compounds refers to the distribution of charge within the molecule, while polarizability is the ability of a molecule to be distorted by an external electric field. Generally, compounds with higher polarity tend to have higher polarizability because the distribution of charge allows for easier distortion of the electron cloud.
The atomic polarizability generally increases down a group and decreases across a period. This trend occurs because atoms with larger electron clouds (such as larger atomic size) are more easily polarized. Additionally, atoms with higher electronegativity tend to have lower polarizability due to stronger electron-electron repulsion.
There is a rather good article at http://www.ece.mtu.edu/faculty/wfp/articles/hp_9_twocol.pdf which I hope will be helpful to you.
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Gerald D. Mahan has written: 'Many-Particle Physics (Physics of Solids and Liquids)' 'Local density theory of polarizability' -- subject(s): Ionic crystals, Polarizability (Electricity), Solid state chemistry, Solid state physics 'Quantum mechanics in a nutshell' -- subject(s): Photon emission, Photons, Quantum theory, Scattering, Scattering (Physics)
Cesium astatide (CsAt) is soluble because astatide ions (At-) are larger in size and have significant polarizability, leading to easily breakable ion-ion interactions. Additionally, the strong polarizability of astatide ions allows for them to form favorable interactions with solvent molecules, enhancing solubility.
In spectroscopy, active vibrations refer to those that cause a change in the dipole moment of a molecule, while Raman active vibrations cause a change in the polarizability of a molecule. Both types of vibrations can be observed in spectroscopy, but they have different effects on the properties of the molecule being studied.