The frontal lobe is most heavily involved in processing cues and information in a way that rational decisions can be made. With frontal lobe lesions, rational decision making is often significantly impaired (especially the more severe the lesion or deficit).
Monocular cues are depth cues that can be perceived with one eye, such as relative size, linear perspective, and motion parallax. Binocular cues are depth cues that rely on input from both eyes, such as binocular disparity and convergence. Both types of cues help the brain to perceive depth and distance in the environment.
Kinetic depth cues
"Richness" is the term that is used by scientists to describe the abundance of nonverbal cues that add clarity to a verbal message. However, most folks just refer to them as "nonverbal cues."
Depth cues created by movements of the body or objects in the environment are known as motion parallax cues. As we move, closer objects appear to move faster across our field of vision than those that are farther away, providing a sense of depth and distance. This relative motion helps our brain interpret spatial relationships and understand the three-dimensional layout of our surroundings.
This type of information is called chemosensory information. It is acquired through chemical stimuli sensed by chemoreceptors in the body and directed to the brain for processing and interpretation of the environmental cues.
Secondary depth cues are not solely environmental cues; they also include perceptual cues that enhance our understanding of depth based on prior experience and context. These cues can involve factors like texture gradient, relative size, and motion parallax, which help us interpret the spatial relationships between objects. While they can be influenced by the environment, they primarily rely on visual perception and cognitive processes to convey depth information.
Depth perception allows you to perceive and understand the relative distances and sizes of objects in your environment. It helps you to navigate and interact with the world by providing visual cues that inform your brain about the spatial relationships between objects.
The cues that are used to distinguish between smells include their molecular structure, volatility, intensity, and interactions with olfactory receptors in the nose. Each smell activates a specific set of receptors, which send signals to the brain for interpretation. The brain then processes these signals to differentiate between the two distinct smells.
Sound localization occurs through the brain's ability to process differences in sound intensity, timing, and frequency between the ears. These differences help the brain determine the direction and distance of a sound source relative to the listener. The brain uses these cues to create a spatial map of the sound environment, allowing us to accurately perceive where sounds are coming from.
perception.
Extracellular cues are signals or molecules that are present outside of cells and can influence their behavior. These cues can come from neighboring cells, the extracellular matrix, or other sources in the cellular environment to regulate processes like cell migration, growth, and differentiation.
Simple reaction time studies show that RT to auditory stimuli is faster than visual stimuli. This is because the sensory process for light is more neurologically complex than for auditory cues. For light to be processed, it has a longer path to take in the brain, going all the way to the back of the brain to the occipital lobe and then back to the eyes. Auditory stimuli is processed in the ear then sent to the temporal lobe and back to the ear; a relatively shorter distance than the vision pathway. Reaction time to auditory cues in normal, healthy subjects is roughly 180 milliseconds for auditory cues and about 220 milliseconds.