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Diabetes mellitus in which fatty acids are converted to ketone bodies leads to?
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What is the medical term meaning accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood results of the condition diabetes mellitus?
Ketonemia is high blood ketone levels. When associated with diabetes, it's called diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
Glycosuria and Ketone bodies in the urine are both clear signs that a person has?
Diabetes
Glycosuria and ketone bodies in a persons urine are both clear signs a person has what?
diabetes
Ketoacidosis associated with diabetes mellitus is likely to produce what acid imbalance?
Ketone production in diabetes causes a condition called diabetic ketoacidosis, which is a form of elevated anion gap metabolic acidosis.
How is type 1 diabetes mellitus similar to starvation?
both have fatty acid breakdown, triaclyglycerol mobilisation, beta oxidation, high acetyl co-A production and high ketone body formation.
What is ketogenesis?
The formation of Ketone Bodies.
What does ketones do to you?
in a regular diet, carbs are converted to glucose that the body uses for fuel when the supply of carbs is limited (about 30g-50g per day) the body requires an alternative form of fuel. After 24-48 hours of low carb, the liver starts producing ketones, which is the alternative fuel.
Why is liver unable to utilize ketone bodies as fuel although liver synthesizes ketone bodies?
The liver lacks the 3-ketoacyl CoA transferase enzyme. This enzyme is required to convert acetoacetate to acetoacetyl-CoA . This is an essential step in using ketone bodies as fuel.
Ketone bodies are associed with what cellular metabolism?
proteins
Is Acetoacetate a ketone body?
Yes. It's one of three ketone bodies: Acetone, Acetoacetate & Beta-hydroxybutyrate.
Normal value of excretion of ketone bodies in urine?
The normal value of excretion of ketone bodies in urine is typically less than 0.5 mmol/L. Elevated levels of ketones in urine, known as ketonuria, can indicate a metabolic condition such as diabetes or starvation. Ketoacidosis, a potentially life-threatening condition, can also cause increased levels of ketones in urine.
Why purple coloured ring formed in rothera's test?
Rothera's test is useful for qualitative detection of ketone bodies in urine.Ketone bodies are acetone,acetoacetic acid and Beta-hydroxy butyric acid.Among the three,Rothera's test detects only first two.For detection of Beta-hydroxy butyric acid the urine sample is heated to drive out any acetone or acetoacetic acid.Then,hydrogen peroxide is added to oxidise Beta-hydroxy butyric acid to acetoacetic acid which is then detected by the conventional Rothera's test.However,as the three ketone bodies tend to occur together such detection of Beta-hydroxy butyric acid is unnecessary in routine practice.Ketone bodies are found in a variety of condition- two most important are Diabetes Mellitus and starvation.Ketone bodies are formed when there is excessive breakdown of fat.Acetyl CoA an intermediate of fat breakdown as well as Kreb's Cycle is formed in excess of what can be utilised in Kreb's Cycle.Hence molecules of ACetyl CoA join with each other to form Ketone bodies in the liver(liver itself is unable to utilise Ketone bodies due to lack of necessary breakdown enzyme for ketone bodies although it contains the synthesising enzymes).Ketone bodies tend to oppose glucose utilisation in brain in diabetics.When ketone bodies accumulate too much it causes Diabetic Ketoacidosis-requires emergency management.Insulin-dependent diabetics are more prone to develop such complications. Rothera's test is performed in a small test tube.A small amount of urine is taken and it is fully saturated with ammonium salt.Then a drop of sodium nitroprusside is added to it.Finally as in all ring tests-ammonium hydroxide is slowly added by side of test tube.After few seconds a purple ring develops at junction of two liquids-Urine and ammonium hydroxide.The purple ring is due to a complex formed between ketone body and nitroprusside in presence of ammonia.
