Yes. According to our tradition, there were synagogues in the time of the Prophets (First-Temple era) as well as later.
No. There is no minimun age requirement. Newborns are welcome in synagogues.
There are two questions here:How many people? It takes 10 people to hold a full service, so that's the minimum. The maximum is however many people will fit, which depends on the size of the room.When were the first synagogues designed? We know that, by the time the Gospels and letters of Paul were written, there were synagogues all over the Roman occupied Jewish world and also synagogues elsewhere in the eastern Roman empire, all the way to Rome. So synagogues were developed before that time. The institution of the synagogue may have emerged during the Babylonian captivity. The first purpose-built synagogue, that is, one that could claim to have been designed, was therefore some time between the Babylonian captivity and the time of Jesus.
The Jewish answer is that the Babylonians did not change the Jewish faith. Our traditions, which we still keep, have been around since long before the Babylonian exile.
Before the Holocaust, synagogues in Germany were vibrant centers of Jewish religious and communal life. They ranged from grand, ornate structures in larger cities to humble prayer houses in smaller communities. Synagogues were places of worship, education, and social gathering, reflecting the diversity of Jewish religious and cultural traditions. Sadly, the vast majority of synagogues in Germany were destroyed or damaged during the Holocaust, leading to the profound loss of this once-thriving Jewish religious infrastructure.
The major event preceding the Babylonian captivity was the fall of Jerusalem and the destruction of the Jewish holy temple in the city.
It depends on the type of synagogue, this might be allowed in some Reform and Conservative synagogues.
The institution of the synagogue appears to have originated between the time of the Babylonian exile an the time of Jesus. There were no synagogues before the exile, and there were lots of them by the time of Jesus. Nobody knows who built the first one, nor do we know whether it was built in Babylon before the return from exile or in Judea and Galilee after the return. It is almost certain that the first synagogue was organized using an existing building, and that the institution of the synagogue was around for a while before the first purpose-built synagogue was built.
Yes, the book of Isaiah was written before the Babylonian exile.
Torah-study is an intrinsic part of Judaism. Many synagogues have Torah-study classes before or after the prayer services.
The babylonian empire was made after the empire of Sargon.
A synagogue is the Jewish house of prayer, similar to a church in Christianity or a mosque in Islam. Jerusalem is the holy city in Israel where the Temple stood before its destruction by the Romans. A Synagogues are meant to face Jerusalem, to remind us of the Temple while we pray,
years before, by the Saami