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A:One way in which Matthew's Gospel is unique is in its frequent references to the 'kingdom of heaven'. One would indeed expect that Matthew listened to Jesus preaching the kingdom of heaven. Mark's Gospel and Luke's Gospel frequently mentions Jesus talking of the 'kingdom of God', but not the kingdom of heaven, but not the kingdom of heaven. John makes just two references to the kingdom of God.

Scholars say that the disciple Matthew did not write the Gospel that now bears his name, in fact they say that the Gospel could not even have been written by an eyewitness to the life and mission of Jesus. It is significant that all the New Testament Gospels were originally anonymous and only attributed by the Church Fathers to the apostles whose names they now bear, later in the second century.

When read in the original Greek, it is clear that there is a literary dependency among the Gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke, with a less obvious dependency in the case of John's Gospel. Many passages in the synoptic gospels are actually identical in the Greek language. Because of this, the Church Fathers decided that Matthew was written first, and that Mark and Lukewere written as copies of Matthew. However, it is clear that the author of Luke was unaware of Matthew. Moreover, scholars have demonstrated that Matthew and Luke must have been based on Mark, with both authors also relying on the hypothetical 'Q' document for further sayings attributed to Jesus, as well as providing, in each case, other material unique to that Gospel. Anyone who had known Jesus would not have had to rely so heavily on Mark and Q.

We can therefore say that 'Matthew', the author of Matthew's Gospel did not hear Jesus preach anything, whether about the kingdom of heaven or otherwise.

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Q: Did Matthew really hear Jesus preach the kingdom of heaven?
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