Did native Americans take over Alcatraz?

Answer 1

The earliest use of Alcatraz Island is documented by the indigenous people known as "Ohlone," a Miwok Indian word which means "western people." Alcatraz was originally used as a place of isolation for ostracization of tribal members who had violated tribal law. Over many years, the Ohlone used Alcatraz Island for hunting and fishing purposes, a resting spot, hiding place, and camping area. Early Indian tribes were confined in great numbers through the early 1900's. Alcatraz served as a Federal Prison from 1934-1963.

On November 9, 1969, a Mohawk Indian named Richard Oakes led a large group of Indian supporters on a chartered boat in a symbolic gesture of reclaiming the island. November 20th of that year, the symbolic occupation turned into a full scale occupation, which would last three years. In 1970, as many inhabitants of the island returned to the mainland to continue their education, the group fell into disarray. Since its formation, the group now included non-Indians and a large population of persons from the hippie and drug cultures. On January 5, 1970, Oakes's 13 year old stepdaughter fell down a stairwell three floors, resulting in her death. Oakes immediately left the island, and two competing groups formed and battled for leadership of the island. After two oil tankers collided at the entrance of the San Francisco Bay in 1971, the federal government sprang into action with a firm plan from President Nixon to "develop a removal plan." On June 10th of that year, armed federal marshals, FBI agents and special forces swarmed the island and removed five women, four children and six unarmed men. This move would end the Indian occupation of Alcatraz.

Answer 2

Yes.